The simulator is based on a combination of virtual reality and actual controls. Designed with Basque technology, it provides a detailed simulation of the Metro network on which trains can be driven in realistic situations.
The system accurately represents all 40 km of track, with all the curves, inclines, signals, beacons, overhead power lines and stations on the network. Its main advantage is that it is capable of simulating a large number of malfunctions and incidents, and can thus be used to train personnel so that they respond in the safest, most effective, most efficient manner to actual problems that arise in the Metro service.
Those problems may including signal failures, derailments, runnings over, objects falling onto the line and drive problems on trains. In all over 60 malfunctions and 25 types of incident are programmed into the simulator for training purposes. The system does not just simulate the most common train and signal-related problems: it is capable of presenting different scenarios that take into account any number of conditioning factors such as bad weather, from blizzards to thick fog on above-ground sections of track.
Training systems such as this became necessary in Metro systems when ATP and ATO safe, automatic driving systems were introduced. They have many advantages, as they markedly improve reliability and safety. Nowadays it is essential for rail operators to have a simulator if drivers are to be given high-quality continuous training.
Cost saving is another of the main advantages of this sophisticated training system. It enables drivers to practise all the usual movements and manoeuvres of a train, plus the actions required in response to malfunctions and incidents that may arise in actual operations, without using the actual Metro network itself. This avoids any risk of damage to installations and thus saves a great deal of spending on energy, maintenance, night-time training sessions, etc.
The choice of Etxebarri station as the home of the simulator is no accident: this is where Metro trains change lines. It stands at a key point for drivers on the shared section of line, since all trains on both lines must pass through it. This makes it easier for the company to organise and optimise driver training time.
The simulator centre has three positions: one for the instructor and two for drivers undergoing training. They take the form of virtual cabs and are constructed with care to be functional. They can simulate the exact conditions that drivers face when actually driving series 500, series 550 and the new series 600 train units. The system can also be adjusted to simulate 4- and 5-coach train units.
These virtual training positions are a highly valuable technological solution to the problem of maximising the expertise, skills and attitudes of drivers in terms of traffic safety, because they oblige them to deal with situations which are too complex or too risky to practise on the actual network. All possible scenarios can be simulated on 40 km of virtual track. The training positions are fitted with the same safety systems as the actual train units.
The simulator was designed by Basque firm Lander, which made sure to reproduce all possible scenarios on the Metro Bilbao network. The cab comprises three touch screens and a set of controls from which trainees can visually monitor track, overhead power lines, signalling system, level crossings, stations and even passengers. From their seat, trainees can handle safety, drive and braking systems, train unit controls, passenger communication and information systems, stops and door opening and closing mechanisms. They can even see passengers boarding and leaving the unit via an on-screen simulation of the rear-view mirror.
The simulator is also highly versatile. It is designed to be able to incorporate new functions when necessary, such as new track, further malfunctions and incidents, new rolling stock and changes in signalling systems.
From now on all Metro Bilbao’s 181 drivers will be required to drive on the network in “non automatic” mode so as to train for problem situations, especially those that result in delays in service and those concerned with traffic safety.
